Sax, L. J. (1995). Gender and Major-Field Differences in The Development of Mathematical Self-Concept During College. JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 1 (4): 291-307.

Self-ratings of mathematical ability produce some of the largest gender differences among college freshmen. Further, mathematical self-concept is the one measure of academic self-concept that declines during college. However, little research has focused on the predictors of math confidence for college students. This study examines factors related to changes in mathematical self-concept during college, and focuses specifically on how these factors differ by gender and major field. Regression results indicate that traditional predictors of math confidence operate differently for men and women in science and non-science fields.