1921

Questions | Reported Numbers | Bibliography

Questions

Questions
Options Appearing on Questionairre
Definition or Description
(Instructions to enumerators were unavailable)
Column/Question Number

Nativity
Person

Country or place of birth of this person. If born in Canada give province. If Foreign born give Country.

[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]

 

Birthplace--The country of birth of each person is recorded, and in the case of Canadian-born the province of birth. This (a) differentiates the Canadian-born and British-born from the foreign-born, and (b) in the case of the Canadian-born, enables the movement of our native Canadian stock within the limits of Canada to be traced from time to time.

[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp.xiv]

15

Nativity
Father

Country or place of birth of this person. If born in Canada give province. If Foreign born give Country.
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]

  16

Nativity
Mother

Country or place of birth of this person. If born in Canada give province. If Foreign born give Country.
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]

  17
Year of Immigration to Canada
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
 

Nationality--Each person of Canadian citizenship or nationality, whether such by birth or by naturalization, is recorded as "Canadian." In the case of naturalized citizens, the year of naturalization is recorded. In the case of everyone born outside of Canada, the year of immigration to Canada is also recorded.

According to the Immigration Act of 1910, a "Canadian citizen" is
(i) any person born in Canada who has not become an alien;
(ii) a British subject who has Canadian domicile;
(iii) a person naturalized under the laws of Canada who has not subsequently become an alien or lost Canadian domicile.
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp.xiv]

18
Year of Naturalization
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
  19
Nationality
(Country to which this person owes his allegiance.)
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
  20
Racial or tribal origin
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
 

The racial origin of each person is recorded, the object of this question being to ascertain from what basic ethnic stocks the present Canadian population, more particularly the recently immigrated population, is derived. The answer "Canadian" under this heading is not accepted, as the purpose of the question is to obtain in so far as possible a definition of "Canadian" in terms of racial derivation. Of this procedure of the Census, the criticism received was on two main grounds: (a) That Canadians whose family is of three of more generations residence are enumerated and differentiated through the question on the birthplace of parents above described; (b) That notwithstanding the desirability of racial assimilation there are special features in connection with the process that require appraisement and study; for example, over 800 Chinese and Japanese children were born in Canada in 1921, whom it would not be expedient to enumerate solely on the basis of birthplace and nationaility. Again, the fact that the constitution of Canada is based on the presence of two dominant races points to the desirability of a measurement of these factors; it has been widely pointed out of late that the original French colony numbering 75,000 at the date of the Conquest had expanded to over three million on the continent of North America; measurements of this kind would be impossible if the answer "Canadian" instead of "French" were accepted under the heading of racial origin--yet the descendants of the original French colonists are "Canadians" by race if such race be held to exist. (c) Finally, racial origin is especially important in a "new"country like Canada, i.e., from the standpoint of the student of ethnology, criminology, and the social and "biometric" sciences in general.

[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp.xv]

21
Can speak English
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
    22
Can speak French
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
    23
Language other than English or French spoken as Mother tongue[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]     24
Religious body, denomination or community to which this person belongs
[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. xl]
    25

 

Reported Numbers

 

from Table 22. Origins in 1921, 1911, and 1901 and proportion per cent which the people of each origin from of the total population. [Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. 353]

Origins Population Number per cent of population
1921 1911 1901 1921 1911 1901
British races
4,868,903
3,896,985
3,063,195
55.40
54.08
57.05
European races
3,696,902
2,978,617
2,106,018
42.07
41.33
39.21
Asiatic races
65,731
43,017
23,731
.75
.60
.44
Chinese
39,587
27,774
17,312
.45
.39
.32
Hindu
1,016
2,342
--
.01
.03
--
Japanese
15,868
9,021
4,738
.18
.13
.09
Turkish
313
*
*
.01
*
*
Syrian
8,282
3,880
1,681
.09
.05
.03
Armenian
665
*
*
.01
*
*
Various
6,593
18,310
1,454
.08
.26
.03
Unspecific
21,249
147,345
31,539
.24
2.04
.59
Totals
8,788,483
7,206,643
5,371,315
100.00
100.00
100.00

*See Table 24.
British races: English, Irish, Scotch, Other
European races: French, Belgian, Bulgarian and Roumanian, Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Polish, Scandinavian (includes Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Swedish), Swiss, Other European (includes Austrian, German, Bukovinian, Dutch, Galician, Hungarian, Russian, Ruthenian, Bohemian, Moravian, Serbo-Croatian, Lithuanian, Lettish, Ukranian, Laplander.
Various: Algerian, Arabian, Argentinian, Brazilian, Chilian, Egyptian, Eskimo, Hawaiin, Haytian, Jamaican, Korean, Malayan, Maltese, Maoric, Mexican, Persian, Peruvian, Philippine, Portuguese, Spanish.

 

from Table 24. Population classified according to racial origin by provinces, 1921 [Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. 356-357]

No. Origins Canada P.E. Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Northwest
Territories
  Population Total
8,788,483
88,615
523,837
387,876
2,361,199
2,933,662
610,118
757,510
588,454
524,582
4,157
7,988
9 Chinese
39,587
14
315
185
2,335
5,625
1,331
2,667
3,581
23,533
1
--
21 Japanese
15,868
--
3
3
32
161
53
109
473
15,006
28
--
38 Syrian
8,282
83
1,140
594
2,570
2,709
310
466
198
211
1
--
44 Unspecified
21,249
44
519
534
6,066
7,636
891
1,787
2,254
1,454
6
53
49 Armenian
665
1
4
--
119
508
4
8
8
13
--
--
55 Hawaiin
22
--
--
--
--
2
--
--
--
20
--
--
57 Hindu
1,016
--
--
1
11
28
8
6
10
951
1
--
59 Korean
4
--
1
--
--
1
--
1
--
--
1
--
63 Malayan
1
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
1
--
--
65 Maoric
3
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
3
--
--
69 Philippine
2
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
2
--
--
72 Turkish
313
--
17
17
106
91
5
38
28
10
1
--

Table 31. Principal religions by provinces, 1921, 1911, 1901, and 1891. [Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. 568-569.]

Religions Canada P.E. Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Northwest
Territories
Adventists 1921
14,179
14
1,240
956
1,620
1,998
578
2,893
3,533
1,347
--
--
  1911
10,406
10
1,758
1,057
2,435
1,132
531
784
1,825
869
5
--
  1901
8,058
10
1,494
1,124
3,079
1,226
519
128
215
254
9
--
  1891
6,354
22
1,651
715
3,364
447
32
12
2
109
--
--
Anglicans 1921
1,407,994
5,057
85,604
47,020
121,967
648,883
121,309
116,224
98,395
160,978
1,582
648
  1911
1,043,017
4,939
75,315
42,864
103,812
492,435
88,807
75,342
55,602
100,952
2,199
750
  1901
681,494
5,976
66,107
42,005
81,630
368,191
44,923
15,996
9,634
40,996
2,632
3,404
  1891
646,059
6,646
64,410
43,095
75,472
385,999
30,852
9,349
4,817
23,619
--
1,800
Baptists 1921
421,731
5,316
86,833
86,254
9,257
148,634
13,652
23,696
27,829
20,158
85
10
  1911
382,666
5,372
83,854
82,106
9,258
132,809
14,003
18,371
19,491
17,228
171
3
  1901
318,005
,5905
83,241
80,874
8,483
117,819
9,168
2,416
3,010
6,506
583
--
  1891
303,839
6,265
83,122
79,649
7,991
106,047
16,112
1,032
523
3,098
--
--
Congrega-tionalists 1921
30,730
8
2,372
559
4,715
12,262
2,395
2,555
3,340
2,513
3
6
  1911
34,054
8
2,690
776
5,197
14,692
2,997
2,211
2,621
2,827
28
7
  1901
28,293
3
2,938
1,040
5,173
15,289
1,884
207
364
1,198
196
1
  1891
28,157
11
3,112
1,036
4,296
16,879
1,815
185
48
775
--
--
Eastern
Religions
1921
40,188
9
125
67
1,450
2,213
744
1,374
2,626
31,568
12
--
  1911
28,418
--
43
17
650
264
226
591
777
25,808
42
--
  1901
15,570
--
8
12
355
120
31
18
110
14,893
23
--
  1891
9,129
1
5
8
36
97
31
10
31
8,910
--
--
Greek
Church
1921
169,832
5
950
116
5,961
20,509
56,670
47,181
35,815
2,612
13
--
  1911
88,507
1
437
57
1,959
8,324
31,042
24,795
18,149
3,574
169
--
  1901
15,630
--
35
13
215
135
7,899
2,564
4,633
101
35
--
  1891
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Jews 1921
125,197
18
1,974
1,213
47,766
47,458
16,593
5,328
3,186
1,654
6
1
  1911
74,564
36
1,170
998
30,684
26,767
10,636
2,060
1,207
1,384
38
--
  1901
16,401
17
437
376
7,498
5,321
1,497
296
242
554
163
--
  1891
6,414
1
31
73
2,703
2,501
743
73
12
277
--
--
Lutherans 1921
286,458
--
8,081
378
2,209
66,863
39,472
91,988
59,543
17,659
254
11
  1911
229,864
24
7,359
423
2,619
66,708
32,731
56,147
43,311
19,362
795
385
  1901
92,524
8
6,572
196
1,642
48,052
16,542
6,172
5,925
5,335
2,079
1
  1891
63,982
3
5,882
377
1,385
45,029
6,545
1,860
816
2,083
--
2
Mennonites
(Inc. Hutterites)
1921
58,797
3
2
4
6
13,645
21,295
20,544
3,125
172
--
1
  1911
44,611
--
18
1
51
12,828
15,600
14,400
1,524
189
--
--
  1901
31,797
--
9
--
50
12,208
15,246
3,751
522
11
--
-
  1891
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Methodists 1921
1,159,458
11,408
59,069
34,872
41,884
685,463
71,200
100,851
89,726
64,810
117
18
  1911
1,079,892
12,209
57,606
34,558
42,646
671,755
68,412
78,325
61,844
52,132
405
--
  1901
916,886
13,402
57,490
35,973
42,014
666,388
49,936
12,028
10,125
25,047
1,864
2,619
  1891
847,765
13,596
54,195
35,504
39,544
65,4033
28,437
5,225
2,755
14,298
--
178
Mormons 1921
19,622
8
46
6
34
5,781
331
1,440
11,373
600
3
--
  1911
15,971
1
68
4
30
4,913
181
654
9,793
323
4
--
  1901
6,891
--
73
11
3
3,377
65
13
3,212
125
12
--
  1891
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Presby-terians 1921
1,409,407
25,945
109,860
41,277
73,748
613,532
138,201
162,165
120,991
123,022
579
45
  1911
1,115,324
27,509
109,560
39,207
64,132
524,605
103,661
96,564
66,344
82,125
1,603
14
  1901
842,442
30,750
106381
39,496
5,8013
477,386
65,348
16,232
11,597
34,081
3,130
28
  1891
755,326
33,072
108,952
40,639
52,673
453,147
39,001
8,399
4,108
15,284
--
51
Protestants 1921
30,754
35
165
211
14,148
3,400
2,697
3,250
3,252
3,389
207
--
  1911
30,265
8
348
125
8,634
5,736
4,805
3,949
4,042
2,357
261
--
  1901
11,612
21
335
104
5,211
2,800
646
588
388
844
675
--
  1891
12,253
9
47
22
2,342
2,938
1,874
2,385
2,335
286
--
15
Roman Catholics 1921
3,389,636
39,312
160,872
170,531
2,023,993
576,178
105,394
147,342
97,432
63,980
699
3,849
  1911
2,833,041
41,994
144,991
144,889
1,724,693
486,157
74,480
90,092
61,902
58,397
1,849
3,597
  1901
2,229,600
45,796
129,578
125,698
1,429,260
390,304
35,672
17,651
15,464
33,639
4,453
2,085
  1891
1,992,017
47,837
122,452
115,961
1,291,709
358,300
20,571
6,974
6,034
20,843
--
1,336
Salvation Army 1921
24,733
108
2,071
736
658
13,716
2,027
1,552
1,773
2,086
--
--
  1911
18,834
156
1,526
688
510
11,405
1,050
558
1,082
1,842
17
--
  1901
10,308
116
1,251
606
292
6,479
745
133
90
570
26
--
  1891
13,949
180
1,377
993
297
10,320
399
26
59
298
--
--
All Others 1921
180,413
1,284
4,155
3,223
5,093
68,426
16,830
28,251
25,363
26,371
372
1,042
  1911
144,719
1,440
4,045
3,464
5,385
60,358
9,139
20,964
20,119
18,689
686
430
  1901
102,582
1,231
3,219
2,951
4,238
58,742
4,393
12,201
4,304
9,500
725
1,078
  1891
67,728
1,193
2,934
2,036
3,877
54,603
1,301
300
493
987
--
4
Unspecified 1921
19,354
85
418
453
6,690
4,701
730
876
1,155
1,663
225
2,357
  1911
32,490
21
1,550
655
3,497
6,404
3,093
6,625
4,662
4,422
240
1,321
  1901
43,222
24
406
641
1,742
9,110
697
885
3,187
5,003
10,614
10,913
  1891
80,267
242
2,226
1,155
2,846
23,981
4,793
4,376
4,560
7,306
--
28,782
Totals 1921
8,788,483
88,615
523,837
387,876
2,361,199
2,933,662
610,118
757,510
588,454
524,582
4,157
7,988
  1911
7,206,643
93,728
492,338
351,889
2,005,776
2,527,292
461,394
492,432
374,295
392,480
8,512
6,507
  1901
5,371,315
103,259
459,574
331,120
1,648,898
2,182,947
255,211
91,279
73,022
178,657
27,219
20,129
  1891
4,833,239
109,078
450,396
321,263
1,488,535
2,114,321
152,506
40,206
26,593
98,173
--
32,168

Eastern Religions: Includes Bahais, Buddhists, Confucians, Hindus, Mohammedans, Shintos, Sikhs, and Taoists.[Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924. pp. 568-569]

 

from Table 97. Percentages, 10 Years of Age and Over, Unable to Speak (1) English, (2) French or English, for the Principal Non-British, Non-French Origins in Canada, 1921. [Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Origin, Birthplace, Nationality and Language of the Canadian People. A Census Study Based on the Census of 1921 and Supplementary Data. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1929. pp. 162]

Origin
Per cent 10 years and over unable to speak English
Per cent 10 years and over unable to speak French or English
Chinese
38.2
32.1
Japanese
41.1
41.1
Syrian
9.2
3.9

 

from Table 104. Summary Showing the Relation Between the Learning of the Languages of Canada and (1) Intermarriage with the Basic Stocks of Canada, (2) Urban Domicile and (3) Length of Canadian Residence, by Origins, 1921. [Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Origin, Birthplace, Nationality and Language of the Canadian People. A Census Study Based on the Census of 1921 and Supplementary Data. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1929. pp.169]

Origin Percentage 10 years of age and over unable to speak English or French Percentage speaking English or French as their mother tongue Percentage of those not knowing Englishas mother tongue who had acquired it Percentage North American born Percentage of males married into British and French stocks Percentage of males married into English stock Percentage of population in cities 25,000 and over Average number of years immigrants arriving since 1901 from corresponding countries of birth had been in Canada in 1921
Chinese
32.1
--
--
7.58
4.08
3.38
44.87
8.9
Japanese
41.2
--
--
27.41
1.13
0.96
29.52
9.3

 

 

Bibliography

Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Vol. 1. Population. Number, Sex and Distribution, Racial Origins, Religions. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1924.

Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Origin, Birthplace, Nationality and Language of the Canadian People. A Census Study Based on the Census of 1921 and Supplementary Data. Ottawa: F.A. Acland Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1929.